1910.1048(n): Formaldehyde Training Program
Employers must train all employees assigned to workplaces with formaldehyde exposure, unless objective data shows exposure is not at or above 0.1 ppm. Training must happen at initial assignment, whenever a new exposure is introduced, and at least annually, and must be understandable and cover the rule, the safety data sheet, medical surveillance, health hazards and symptoms, safe work practices, PPE, spills and emergencies, and controls.
Key takeaways
- 1910.1048(n) is part of OSHA's general industry standards (29 CFR Part 1910).
- OSHA cited it 27 times in the last 3 years, in 23 inspections, with $31,481 in current penalties.
- Most citations: VA (4), ID (4), MI (4).
- Related part: 1910.1048(n)(1) Participation (15 citations).
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In this article
What this rule covers
29 CFR 1910.1048(n) ("Employee information and training") is one requirement inside 1910.1048 Formaldehyde, an OSHA general industry standard (Part 1910). It includes 15 sub-paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.
Official text
(n) Employee information and training — 27 citations
(1) Participation. The employer shall assure that all employees who are assigned to workplaces where there is exposure to formaldehyde participate in a training program, except that where the employer can show, using objective data, that employees are not exposed to formaldehyde at or above 0.1 ppm, the employer is not required to provide training. Open (n)(1) 15 citations
(2) Frequency. Employers shall provide such information and training to employees at the time of initial assignment, and whenever a new exposure to formaldehyde is introduced into the work area. The training shall be repeated at least annually. 6 citations
(3) Training program. The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the employee is able to understand and shall include: 6 citations
(i) A discussion of the contents of this regulation and the contents of the Material Safety Data Sheet. 1 citations
(ii) The purpose for and a description of the medical surveillance program required by this standard, including:
(A) A description of the potential health hazards associated with exposure to formaldehyde and a description of the signs and symptoms of exposure to formaldehyde.
(B) Instructions to immediately report to the employer the development of any adverse signs or symptoms that the employee suspects is attributable to formaldehyde exposure.
(iii) Description of operations in the work area where formaldehyde is present and an explanation of the safe work practices appropriate for limiting exposure to formaldehyde in each job;
(iv) The purpose for, proper use of, and limitations of personal protective clothing and equipment; 1 citations
(v) Instructions for the handling of spills, emergencies, and clean-up procedures;
(vi) An explanation of the importance of engineering and work practice controls for employee protection and any necessary instruction in the use of these controls; and
(vii) A review of emergency procedures including the specific duties or assignments of each employee in the event of an emergency. 2 citations
(4) Access to training materials.
(i) The employer shall inform all affected employees of the location of written training materials and shall make these materials readily available, without cost, to the affected employees.
(ii) The employer shall provide, upon request, all training materials relating to the employee training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.
Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15. Read all of 1910.1048.
Export the list: 23 inspections cited 1910.1048(n) in the last 3 years, with employer, location, penalty and date.
Purple Belt, $59/moWhere and how often it was cited
| Year | Citations |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 17 |
| 2025 | 4 |
| 2026 | 6 |
Top states: VA (4), ID (4), MI (4), CT (2), NJ (2)
Largest penalties
| Employer | Location | Penalty for this rule |
|---|---|---|
| CONDAIR OPERATIONS, LLC | RICHMOND, VA | $8,550 |
| ECI SERVICES OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, INC. | MANCHESTER, NH | $4,634 |
| ESSITY PROFESSIONAL HYGIENE NORTH AMERICA, LLC | MANCHESTER, CT | $3,058 |
| CUSTOM LASER, INC | LOCKPORT, NY | $2,980 |
| QUEST DIAGNOSTICS MASSACHUSETTS, LLC | MARLBOROUGH, MA | $2,500 |
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OSHA interpretation letters
None exist. OSHA has not published a letter of interpretation for 1910.1048(n).
Related parts of this rule
- 1910.1048(n)(1) Participation 15 citations
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Frequently asked questions
When is formaldehyde training not required?
When the employer can show, using objective data, that employees are not exposed to formaldehyde at or above 0.1 ppm.
How often is formaldehyde training required?
At initial assignment, whenever a new exposure is introduced into the work area, and at least annually.
What should workers report?
Any adverse signs or symptoms they suspect are caused by formaldehyde exposure, immediately to the employer.
About this page
Sources
- 29 CFR 1910.1048 (eCFR), text current as of 2026-10-15
- U.S. Department of Labor enforcement data: OSHA inspections, citations and accident records, copied nightly; data as of 2026-11-05
3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.
