1910.134(f): Respirator fit testing
Before anyone is required to wear a tight-fitting respirator, they must pass a qualitative (QLFT) or quantitative (QNFT) fit test using the same make, model, style and size they will use. Fit testing is required before first use, whenever a different facepiece is used, and at least once a year after that. An extra fit test is needed when changes in the person's physical condition could affect the fit, such as facial scarring, dental changes, cosmetic surgery or an obvious change in weight. If an employee later says the fit is unacceptable, they must be given a reasonable chance to pick a different respirator and be retested.
Key takeaways
- 1910.134(f) is part of OSHA's general industry standards (29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart I).
- OSHA cited it 2,215 times in the last 3 years, in 2,190 inspections, with $3,508,982 in current penalties.
- 6 deaths are linked to inspections that cited this rule.
- Most citations: IL (160), NY (155), PA (136).
- Related part: 1910.134(f)(2) (1,496 citations).
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In this article
What this rule covers
29 CFR 1910.134(f) ("Fit testing") is one requirement inside 1910.134 Respiratory protection, an OSHA general industry standard (Part 1910, Subpart I). It includes 11 sub-paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.
Official text
(f) Fit testing. This paragraph requires that, before an employee may be required to use any respirator with a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece, the employee must be fit tested with the same make, model, style, and size of respirator that will be used. This paragraph specifies the kinds of fit tests allowed, the procedures for conducting them, and how the results of the fit tests must be used. 2,215 citations
(1) The employer shall ensure that employees using a tight-fitting facepiece respirator pass an appropriate qualitative fit test (QLFT) or quantitative fit test (QNFT) as stated in this paragraph. Open (f)(1) 668 citations
(2) The employer shall ensure that an employee using a tight-fitting facepiece respirator is fit tested prior to initial use of the respirator, whenever a different respirator facepiece (size, style, model or make) is used, and at least annually thereafter. Open (f)(2) 1,496 citations
(3) The employer shall conduct an additional fit test whenever the employee reports, or the employer, PLHCP, supervisor, or program administrator makes visual observations of, changes in the employee's physical condition that could affect respirator fit. Such conditions include, but are not limited to, facial scarring, dental changes, cosmetic surgery, or an obvious change in body weight. Open (f)(3)
(4) If after passing a QLFT or QNFT, the employee subsequently notifies the employer, program administrator, supervisor, or PLHCP that the fit of the respirator is unacceptable, the employee shall be given a reasonable opportunity to select a different respirator facepiece and to be retested. Open (f)(4)
(5) The fit test shall be administered using an OSHA-accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol. The OSHA-accepted QLFT and QNFT protocols and procedures are contained in appendix A of this section. Open (f)(5) 12 citations
(6) QLFT may only be used to fit test negative pressure air-purifying respirators that must achieve a fit factor of 100 or less. Open (f)(6) 5 citations
(7) If the fit factor, as determined through an OSHA-accepted QNFT protocol, is equal to or greater than 100 for tight-fitting half facepieces, or equal to or greater than 500 for tight-fitting full facepieces, the QNFT has been passed with that respirator. Open (f)(7) 1 citations
(8) Fit testing of tight-fitting atmosphere-supplying respirators and tight-fitting powered air-purifying respirators shall be accomplished by performing quantitative or qualitative fit testing in the negative pressure mode, regardless of the mode of operation (negative or positive pressure) that is used for respiratory protection. Open (f)(8)
(i) Qualitative fit testing of these respirators shall be accomplished by temporarily converting the respirator user's actual facepiece into a negative pressure respirator with appropriate filters, or by using an identical negative pressure air-purifying respirator facepiece with the same sealing surfaces as a surrogate for the atmosphere-supplying or powered air-purifying respirator facepiece.
(ii) Quantitative fit testing of these respirators shall be accomplished by modifying the facepiece to allow sampling inside the facepiece in the breathing zone of the user, midway between the nose and mouth. This requirement shall be accomplished by installing a permanent sampling probe onto a surrogate facepiece, or by using a sampling adapter designed to temporarily provide a means of sampling air from inside the facepiece.
(iii) Any modifications to the respirator facepiece for fit testing shall be completely removed, and the facepiece restored to NIOSH-approved configuration, before that facepiece can be used in the workplace.
Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15. Read all of 1910.134.
Injuries linked to this rule
6 deaths are linked to inspections where OSHA cited 1910.134(f).
At 7:10 p.m. on October 29, 2024, an employee was scraping paint from a bathtub using a paint stripper containing 70-90% methylene chloride (Hoodstrip-888 Semi Paste Remover). The employee became unconscious due to inhaling methylene chloride vapors above the short-term exposure limit (STEL) and subsequently…
Full case list with employer, penalty, filters and download is part of OSHA Data (Purple Belt).
Unlock with Purple BeltWhere and how often it was cited
| Year | Citations |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 135 |
| 2024 | 890 |
| 2025 | 714 |
| 2026 | 476 |
Top states: IL (160), NY (155), PA (136), FL (118), OR (112)
Largest penalties
| Employer | Location | Penalty for this rule |
|---|---|---|
| ONE WAY ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LLC | HOUSTON, TX | $1,489,626 |
| COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS, INC | HOUSTON, TX | $165,514 |
| GENERAL SHALE BRICK, INC. | WATSONTOWN, PA | $115,850 |
| DAEHAN SOLUTION NEVADA, LLC. | FERNLEY, NV | $91,272 |
| ORKIN, LLC. | BANGOR, ME | $85,000 |
Free toolbox talk
A 5-minute crew talk on 1910.134(f), plus alerts when this rule changes. Free.
OSHA interpretation letters
- Temporary Enforcement Guidance – Tight-Fitting Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) Used During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (2020-10-02)
- Discretion in Enforcement when Considering an Employer's Good Faith Efforts During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (2020-04-16)
- Expanded Temporary Enforcement Guidance on Respiratory Protection Fit-Testing for N95 Filtering Facepieces in All Industries During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (2020-04-08)
- Enforcement Guidance for Respiratory Protection and the N95 Shortage Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (2020-04-03)
- Enforcement Guidance for Use of Respiratory Protection Equipment Certified under Standards of Other Countries or Jurisdictions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic (2020-04-03)
- Voluntary use respirators (2018-04-26)
- Qualitative and quantitative fit tests versus assigned protection factors (2017-05-23)
- OSHA requirements for respirator fit testing with and without facepiece accessories (2017-01-17)
- Respirator fit test requirements (2016-02-08)
- Fit testing requirements for respirators used for CBRN protection. (2011-12-27)
- Fit testing for CBRN respirators. (2011-10-26)
- Tuberculosis and Respiratory Protection Enforcement (2008-03-24)
- Clarification on whether to use quantitative or qualitative fit-testing for full-facepiece PAPRs. (2007-07-23)
- Tuberculosis and Respiratory Protection. (2007-05-17)
- Tuberculosis and Respiratory Protection: prohibition on enforcement of annual fit testing requirements during fiscal year 2006. (2006-02-22)
- Tuberculosis and Respiratory Protection: prohibition of enforcing annual fit testing requirements during 2005 fiscal year; enforcement of other 1910.134 provisions. (2004-12-22)
- Requirements for fit testing employees before fire brigade training exercises. (2004-10-18)
- Tuberculosis and Respiratory Protection. (2004-07-30)
- Fit testing is not required for employees not exposed to a hazardous atmosphere and not required to wear a respirator. (2004-03-29)
- Fit testing requirements for employees who wear respirators to protect against M. Tuberculosis, SARS, Smallpox, and Monkeypox. (2004-02-05)
- Respiratory protection, medical surveillance, and training requirements under HAZWOPER (2002-09-24)
- Fit testing and medical monitoring requirements for wearers of filtering facepiece respirators. (2002-06-12)
- Use of multi-station electric pump nebulizer and the squeeze bulb Bitrex for QLFT. (2001-03-08)
- Respirators for voluntary use and cleaning respirators during fit testing. (1999-10-01)
- Appendix A requirements and techniques for fit testing respirators. (1999-08-27)
Related parts of this rule
- 1910.134(f)(2) 1,496 citations
- 1910.134(f)(1) 668 citations
- 1910.134(f)(5) 12 citations
- 1910.134(f)(6) 5 citations
- 1910.134(f)(7) 1 citations
- 1910.134(f)(3)
- 1910.134(f)(4)
- 1910.134(f)(8)
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Frequently asked questions
How often is a respirator fit test required?
Before first use, whenever a different facepiece size, style, model or make is used, and at least annually after that.
Does a weight change mean a new fit test?
An additional fit test is required when changes in physical condition that could affect fit are reported or observed, including an obvious change in body weight, facial scarring, dental changes or cosmetic surgery.
Do loose-fitting respirators need fit testing?
This paragraph covers respirators with a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece.
About this page
Sources
- 29 CFR 1910.134 (eCFR), text current as of 2026-10-15
- U.S. Department of Labor enforcement data: OSHA inspections, citations and accident records, copied nightly; data as of 2026-10-20
3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.
