1926.451(g)(1): Scaffold fall protection over 10 feet, by scaffold type
Each worker on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling. The kind of protection depends on the scaffold: personal fall arrest on boatswains' chairs, catenary, float, needle beam and ladder jack scaffolds; both personal fall arrest and guardrails on single-point and two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds; fall arrest, guardrails or a grabline on crawling boards; and guardrails, or guardrails plus fall arrest, on self-contained adjustable scaffolds depending on how the platform is supported.
Key takeaways
- 1926.451(g)(1) is part of OSHA's construction standards (29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart L).
- OSHA cited it 2,210 times in the last 3 years, in 2,195 inspections, with $8,112,641 in current penalties.
- 24 deaths are linked to inspections that cited this rule.
- Most citations: NY (195), IL (189), TX (186).
- Related part: 1926.451(g) Fall protection (2,806 citations).
- Free 5-minute toolbox talk for your crew below.
In this article
What this rule covers
29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1) is one requirement inside 1926.451 General requirements, an OSHA construction standard (Part 1926, Subpart L). It includes 7 sub-paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.
Official text
(1) Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. Paragraphs (g)(1) (i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of scaffold. Paragraph (g)(2) of this section addresses fall protection for scaffold erectors and dismantlers. 2,210 citations
The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces are set forth in subpart M of this part.
(i) Each employee on a boatswains' chair, catenary scaffold, float scaffold, needle beam scaffold, or ladder jack scaffold shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system; Open (g)(1)(i) 149 citations
(ii) Each employee on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and guardrail system; Open (g)(1)(ii) 16 citations
(iii) Each employee on a crawling board (chicken ladder) shall be protected by a personal fall arrest system, a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity), or by a three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board; Open (g)(1)(iii) 14 citations
(iv) Each employee on a self-contained adjustable scaffold shall be protected by a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) when the platform is supported by the frame structure, and by both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) when the platform is supported by ropes; Open (g)(1)(iv) 7 citations
(v) Each employee on a walkway located within a scaffold shall be protected by a guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity) installed within 91⁄2 inches (24.1 cm) of and along at least one side of the walkway. Open (g)(1)(v) 7 citations
(vi) Each employee performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold shall be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold (except at the side next to the wall being laid) by the use of a personal fall arrest system or guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity). Open (g)(1)(vi) 65 citations
(vii) For all scaffolds not otherwise specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(vi) of this section, each employee shall be protected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section. Open (g)(1)(vii) 671 citations
Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15. Read all of 1926.451.
Injuries linked to this rule
24 deaths are linked to inspections where OSHA cited 1926.451(g)(1).
Employee was removing a gutter from a residential structure working from a pump-jack scaffold system erected 4.5 feet from a 79 kilovolt primary power line. The gutter contacted the power line and the employee was electrocuted.
Full case list with employer, penalty, filters and download is part of OSHA Data (Purple Belt).
Unlock with Purple BeltWhere and how often it was cited
| Year | Citations |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 166 |
| 2024 | 683 |
| 2025 | 823 |
| 2026 | 538 |
Top states: NY (195), IL (189), TX (186), NJ (179), GA (132)
Largest penalties
| Employer | Location | Penalty for this rule |
|---|---|---|
| SEMINOLE EQUIPMENT, INC. | RICHMOND HILL, GA | $496,542 |
| THOMAS BUILDERS OF VIRGINIA, INC. | LYNCHBURG, VA | $153,740 |
| THOMAS BUILDERS OF VIRGINIA INC. | LYNCHBURG, VA | $142,691 |
| THOMAS BUILDERS OF VIRGINIA, INC. | FOREST, VA | $142,691 |
| JOSE CALLE | PHILADELPHIA, PA | $82,757 |
Free toolbox talk
A 5-minute crew talk on 1926.451(g)(1), plus alerts when this rule changes. Free.
OSHA interpretation letters
- Minimum distance required between guardrails on an industrial truck work platform. (2010-04-12)
- Single-point suspension scaffold safety. (2010-03-31)
- Whether guardrails are required on a two-point adjustable scaffold while workers who are tied off are painting the undercarriage of a water storage tank. (2010-03-03)
- Re: Subpart L; scaffolds; Companion Rail, rail extensions for mobile scaffolds; 1926.451. (2007-01-26)
- Guardrail requirements for two point suspension scaffolds. (2006-09-14)
- Fall protection requirements for workers on guardrail-equipped platforms. (2005-11-29)
- Walkways within scaffolds, guardrails, and planking. (2005-07-26)
- Applicability of scaffold fall protection to guardrails near ladder access areas on scaffolds; toeboards across ladder access areas. (2005-06-20)
- Whether there is a conflict between provisions in 1926.451 regarding the use of screening. (2005-05-11)
- Fall protection requirements for workers constructing a water tower while on a scaffold. (2005-04-05)
- Fall protection requirements for employees working from a slide-out extension of a scissor lift platform. (2004-09-14)
- Fall protection requirements for pump jack scaffold railings. (2004-03-25)
- Fall protection requirements for work docks/bridges used during bridge construction. (2004-02-09)
- Fall protection requirements during installation and removal or tarps and sheeting on/from scaffolds; qualifications of person determining safety on scaffold with wind imposed forces. (2003-07-16)
- Requirements for fall protection when ladder jack scaffolds are used for residential and commercial construction (2003-07-07)
- Use of aerial lift or scissor lift guardrails as a work or scaffold platform. (2002-10-23)
- Clarification of 1926.451(a)(6) requirements for scaffolds and bridge-painting projects. (2002-08-06)
- Clarification of requirements for construction scaffold erection/dismantling; safe means of access; blocks for two-point suspension scaffolds. (2002-01-02)
- Exemptions for installation of guardrails on wall (interior) side. (2001-12-11)
- Fall protection for various lift-devices; restraint, positioning, fall arrest and rescue requirements; maintenance vs. construction examples. (2000-08-14)
- Fall protection, training, inspection and design requirements of aerial lifts and scissor lifts/scaffolds. (2000-02-23)
- Aerial lift regulations; fall protection for scissor lifts. (1998-07-21)
- Hoisting workers on crane load lines (boatswains' chair). (1998-05-22)
Related parts of this rule
- 1926.451(g) Fall protection 2,806 citations
- 1926.451(g)(1)(vii) 671 citations
- 1926.451(g)(4) 516 citations
- 1926.451(g)(4)(i) 392 citations
- 1926.451(g)(1)(i) 149 citations
- 1926.451(g)(1)(vi) 65 citations
- 1926.451(g)(2) 46 citations
- 1926.451(g)(3) 33 citations
- 1926.451(g)(4)(iv) 32 citations
- 1926.451(g)(4)(iii) 21 citations
- 1926.451(g)(3)(i) 20 citations
- 1926.451(g)(4)(xv) 16 citations
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Frequently asked questions
What fall protection is required on a ladder jack scaffold?
A personal fall arrest system.
What is needed on a crawling board (chicken ladder)?
A personal fall arrest system, a guardrail system with at least a 200-pound toprail capacity, or a 3/4-inch grabline or equivalent handhold fastened beside each crawling board.
About this page
Sources
- 29 CFR 1926.451 (eCFR), text current as of 2026-10-15
- U.S. Department of Labor enforcement data: OSHA inspections, citations and accident records, copied nightly; data as of 2026-10-20
3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.
