29 CFR 1926 · Construction · Subpart Z

1926.1101(h): Respiratory Protection for Asbestos Work

By Black Belt Safety Editorial Team Official text as of octubre 15, 2026 Data updated octubre 23, 2026 5 min read

In plain words:

Employers must provide an appropriate respirator to each employee required to use one under the asbestos standard. Respirators are required for Class I work, certain Class II, III and IV work as listed, work above the TWA or excursion limit, and emergencies. A respiratory protection program meeting 1910.134 is required, and no one may be assigned respirator work if a physician finds they cannot function normally or safely in one.

Key takeaways

  • 1926.1101(h) is part of OSHA's construction standards (29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart Z).
  • OSHA cited it 204 times in the last 3 years, in 177 inspections, with $251,010 in current penalties.
  • Most citations: MI (135), IL (14), NY (9).
  • Related part: 1926.1101(h)(2) Respirator program (80 citations).
  • Free 5-minute toolbox talk for your crew below.
204citations, 3 years
$251,010current penalties
177inspections
0linked injury cases
In this article
  1. What this rule covers
  2. Official text
  3. Where and how often it was cited
  4. Free toolbox talk
  5. OSHA interpretation letters
  6. Related parts of this rule
  7. Get your crew competent
  8. Frequently asked questions
  9. About this page

What this rule covers

29 CFR 1926.1101(h) ("Respiratory protection") is one requirement inside 1926.1101 Asbestos, an OSHA construction standard (Part 1926, Subpart Z). It includes 23 sub-paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.

Official text

(h) Respiratory protection — 204 citations

(1) General. For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph. Respirators must be used during: Open (h)(1) 76 citations

(i) Class I asbestos work. 8 citations

(ii) Class II asbestos work when ACM is not removed in a substantially intact state. 7 citations

(iii) Class II and III asbestos work that is not performed using wet methods, except for removal of ACM from sloped roofs when a negative-exposure assessment has been conducted and ACM is removed in an intact state. 1 citations

(iv) Class II and III asbestos work for which a negative-exposure assessment has not been conducted. 8 citations

(v) Class III asbestos work when TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM is being disturbed.

(vi) Class IV asbestos work performed within regulated areas where employees who are performing other work are required to use respirators.

(vii) Work operations covered by this section for which employees are exposed above the TWA or excursion limit.

(viii) Emergencies.

(2) Respirator program. Open (h)(2) 80 citations

(i) The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with § 1910.134 (b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and (f) through (m), which covers each employee required by this section to use a respirator. Open (h)(2)(i) 80 citations

(ii) No employee shall be assigned to asbestos work that requires respirator use if, based on their most recent medical examination, the examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally while using a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by the employee's respirator use. Such employees must be assigned to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different position that they can perform. If such a transfer position is available, it must be with the same employer, in the same geographical area, and with the same seniority, status, rate of pay, and other job benefits the employee had just prior to such transfer. Open (h)(2)(ii)

(3) Respirator selection. Open (h)(3) 48 citations

(i) Employers must: Open (h)(3)(i) 8 citations

(A) Select, and provide to employees, the appropriate respirators specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) of 29 CFR 1910.134; however, employers must not select or use filtering facepiece respirators for use against asbestos fibers. Open (h)(3)(i)(a) 8 citations

(B) Provide HEPA filters for powered and non-powered air-purifying respirators. Open (h)(3)(i)(b)

(ii) Employers must provide an employee with tight-fitting, powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) instead of a negative pressure respirator selected according to paragraph (h)(3)(i)(A) of this standard when the employee chooses to use a PAPR and it provides adequate protection to the employee.

(iii) Employers must provide employees with an air-purifying half mask respirator, other than a filtering facepiece respirator, whenever the employees perform: Open (h)(3)(iii) 13 citations

(A) Class II or Class III asbestos work for which no negative exposure assessment is available. Open (h)(3)(iii)(a) 12 citations

(B) Class III asbestos work involving disturbance of TSI or surfacing ACM or PACM.

(iv) Employers must provide employees with: Open (h)(3)(iv) 27 citations

(A) A tight-fitting powered air-purifying respirator or a full facepiece, supplied-air respirator operated in the pressure-demand mode and equipped with either HEPA egress cartridges or an auxiliary positive-pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) whenever the employees are in a regulated area performing Class I asbestos work for which a negative exposure assessment is not available and the exposure assessment indicates that the exposure level will be at or below 1 f/cc as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Open (h)(3)(iv)(a) 16 citations

(B) A full facepiece supplied-air respirator operated in the pressure-demand mode and equipped with an auxiliary positive-pressure SCBA whenever the employees are in a regulated area performing Class I asbestos work for which a negative exposure assessment is not available and the exposure assessment indicates that the exposure level will be above 1 f/cc as an 8-hour TWA. Open (h)(3)(iv)(b)

Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15. Read all of 1926.1101.

Where and how often it was cited

YearCitations
20237
202473
202580
202644

Top states: MI (135), IL (14), NY (9), VA (8), OR (7)

Largest penalties

EmployerLocationPenalty for this rule
SEPTON DEVELOPMENT GROUP, LLCRENO, NV$42,560
ACCOLADE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRACTING, CORP.BOSTON, MA$33,103
ACE EXCAVATING & GRAVEL INC.KALAMAZOO, MI$10,000
TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LLCMARSHALL, MI$10,000
RIGHTWAY REMEDIATION LLCFLINT, MI$8,400

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OSHA interpretation letters

Related parts of this rule

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Frequently asked questions

When are respirators required for asbestos work?

During Class I work, listed Class II, III and IV work, any covered work with exposure above the TWA or excursion limit, and emergencies.

Is a respiratory protection program required?

Yes. It must follow the listed parts of 1910.134 and cover each employee required to use a respirator.

What if a physician says a worker cannot wear a respirator?

That employee may not be assigned to asbestos work requiring a respirator and must be assigned to another job or given the opportunity to transfer.

About this page

Sources

3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.

Written and reviewed by

Black Belt Safety Editorial Team

Site Safety Officer and Safety Professional

OSHA 30 · CPR · USACE CQM

Written and reviewed by the Black Belt Safety team. Every post is checked against the OSHA standard or agency source it cites.

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