1910.141(a): Sanitation Scope, Terms and Housekeeping
This paragraph sets the scope and key terms of the sanitation standard, which applies to permanent places of employment. Employers must keep workplaces clean as far as the work allows, keep floors as dry as practicable with drainage, dry standing places or waterproof footwear for wet processes, and keep floors free of nails, splinters, loose boards and needless holes.
Key takeaways
- 1910.141(a) is part of OSHA's general industry standards (29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart J).
- OSHA cited it 818 times in the last 3 years, in 723 inspections, with $1,504,817 in current penalties.
- Most citations: PR (199), NY (94), MI (57).
- Related part: 1910.141(a)(3) Housekeeping (519 citations).
- Free 5-minute toolbox talk for your crew below.
In this article
What this rule covers
29 CFR 1910.141(a) ("General") is one requirement inside 1910.141 Sanitation, an OSHA general industry standard (Part 1910, Subpart J). It includes 10 sub-paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.
Official text
(a) General — 818 citations
(1) Scope. This section applies to permanent places of employment. Open (a)(1)
(2) Definitions applicable to this section. Open (a)(2)
Nonwater carriage toilet facility, means a toilet facility not connected to a sewer.
Number of employees means, unless otherwise specified, the maximum number of employees present at any one time on a regular shift.
Personal service room, means a room used for activities not directly connected with the production or service function performed by the establishment. Such activities include, but are not limited to, first-aid, medical services, dressing, showering, toilet use, washing, and eating.
Potable water means water that meets the standards for drinking purposes of the State or local authority having jurisdiction, or water that meets the quality standards prescribed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (40 CFR 141).
Toilet facility, means a fixture maintained within a toilet room for the purpose of defecation or urination, or both.
Toilet room, means a room maintained within or on the premises of any place of employment, containing toilet facilities for use by employees.
Toxic material means a material in concentration or amount which exceeds the applicable limit established by a standard, such as §§ 1910.1000 and 1910.1001 or, in the absence of an applicable standard, which is of such toxicity so as to constitute a recognized hazard that is causing or is likely to cause death or serious physical harm.
Urinal means a toilet facility maintained within a toilet room for the sole purpose of urination.
Water closet means a toilet facility maintained within a toilet room for the purpose of both defecation and urination and which is flushed with water.
Wet process means any process or operation in a workroom which normally results in surfaces upon which employees may walk or stand becoming wet.
(3) Housekeeping. Open (a)(3) 519 citations
(i) All places of employment shall be kept clean to the extent that the nature of the work allows. Open (a)(3)(i) 452 citations
(ii) The floor of every workroom shall be maintained, so far as practicable, in a dry condition. Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained and false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places shall be provided, where practicable, or appropriate waterproof footgear shall be provided. Open (a)(3)(ii) 42 citations
(iii) To facilitate cleaning, every floor, working place, and passageway shall be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, loose boards, and unnecessary holes and openings. Open (a)(3)(iii) 11 citations
(4) Waste disposal. Open (a)(4) 42 citations
(i) Any receptacle used for putrescible solid or liquid waste or refuse shall be so constructed that it does not leak and may be thoroughly cleaned and maintained in a sanitary condition. Such a receptacle shall be equipped with a solid tight-fitting cover, unless it can be maintained in a sanitary condition without a cover. This requirement does not prohibit the use of receptacles which are designed to permit the maintenance of a sanitary condition without regard to the aforementioned requirements. Open (a)(4)(i) 11 citations
(ii) All sweepings, solid or liquid wastes, refuse, and garbage shall be removed in such a manner as to avoid creating a menace to health and as often as necessary or appropriate to maintain the place of employment in a sanitary condition. Open (a)(4)(ii) 31 citations
(5) Vermin control. Every enclosed workplace shall be so constructed, equipped, and maintained, so far as reasonably practicable, as to prevent the entrance or harborage of rodents, insects, and other vermin. A continuing and effective extermination program shall be instituted where their presence is detected. Open (a)(5) 257 citations
Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15. Read all of 1910.141.
Where and how often it was cited
| Year | Citations |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 55 |
| 2024 | 284 |
| 2025 | 312 |
| 2026 | 167 |
Top states: PR (199), NY (94), MI (57), VI (57), NJ (42)
Largest penalties
| Employer | Location | Penalty for this rule |
|---|---|---|
| THE HOME DEPOT | SALEM, NH | $99,300 |
| DS | SAN JUAN, PR | $59,115 |
| DE | TOA BAJA, PR | $59,115 |
| MUNICIPIO DE SAN JUAN | SAN JUAN, PR | $50,000 |
| UPR | MAYAGUEZ, PR | $30,100 |
Free toolbox talk
A 5-minute crew talk on 1910.141(a), plus alerts when this rule changes. Free.
OSHA interpretation letters
- Recordkeeping regulation contained in 29 CFR Part 1904 - Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (2012-02-01)
- Consuming food and/or beverages in the same work area where known hazardous chemicals are used. (2009-12-03)
- Substituting portable toilets for water closets may be a de minimis violation. (1999-05-18)
- OSHA regulates vermin control at permanent places of employment and at temporary labor camps. (1992-07-20)
- Interim enforcement procedures for AIDS, Hepatitis B, and other blood-borne infectious diseases. (1987-09-08)
Related parts of this rule
- 1910.141(a)(3) Housekeeping 519 citations
- 1910.141(a)(3)(i) 452 citations
- 1910.141(a)(5) Vermin control 257 citations
- 1910.141(a)(4) Waste disposal 42 citations
- 1910.141(a)(3)(ii) 42 citations
- 1910.141(a)(4)(ii) 31 citations
- 1910.141(a)(4)(i) 11 citations
- 1910.141(a)(3)(iii) 11 citations
- 1910.141(a)(2) Definitions applicable to this section
- 1910.141(a)(1) Scope
Get your crew competent
Trainers on Black Belt Safety: Marc Harvey, Dana Reyes
Trainers and suppliers: feature your business on this rule for $25/month.
Frequently asked questions
Where does the sanitation standard apply?
To permanent places of employment.
What if my job involves a wet process?
Drainage must be maintained, and dry standing places such as false floors, platforms or mats must be provided where practicable, or appropriate waterproof footwear must be provided.
What is potable water?
Water that meets the drinking water standards of the state or local authority, or the EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
About this page
Sources
- 29 CFR 1910.141 (eCFR), text current as of 2026-10-15
- U.S. Department of Labor enforcement data: OSHA inspections, citations and accident records, copied nightly; data as of 2026-10-20
3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.
