29 CFR 1926 · Construction · Subpart AA

1926.1209: Duties of Confined Space Attendants

By Black Belt Safety Editorial Team Official text as of October 15, 2026 Data updated October 19, 2026 3 min read

In plain words:

The entry employer must make sure each attendant knows the hazards, keeps an accurate count of entrants, stays outside the space until relieved, communicates with entrants, and orders them out if a prohibited condition, behavioral effects, outside danger, or inability to do the job occurs. The attendant must summon rescue as soon as entrants may need help to escape.

Key takeaways

  • 1926.1209 is part of OSHA's construction standards (29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart AA).
  • OSHA cited it 2 times in the last 3 years, in 2 inspections, with $2,128 in current penalties.
  • Most-cited part: 1926.1209(d) (1 citations).
  • Free 5-minute toolbox talk for your crew below.
2citations, 3 years
$2,128current penalties
2inspections
0linked injury cases
In this article
  1. What this rule covers
  2. Official text
  3. Where and how often it was cited
  4. Free toolbox talk
  5. OSHA interpretation letters
  6. Most-cited parts of this rule
  7. Get your crew competent
  8. Frequently asked questions
  9. About this page

What this rule covers

29 CFR 1926.1209, "Duties of attendants", is an OSHA construction standard (Part 1926, Subpart AA). It has 17 numbered paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.

Official text

Show the full text of 1926.1209 (17 paragraphs)

The entry employer must ensure that each attendant:

(a) Is familiar with and understands the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure; 1 citations

(b) Is aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants;

(c) Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space and ensures that the means used to identify authorized entrants under § 1926.1206(d) accurately identifies who is in the permit space;

(d) Remains outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant; Open (d) 1 citations

Once an attendant has been relieved by another attendant, the relieved attendant may enter a permit space to attempt a rescue when the employer's permit space program allows attendant entry for rescue and the attendant has been trained and equipped for rescue operations as required by § 1926.1211(a).

(e) Communicates with authorized entrants as necessary to assess entrant status and to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space under § 1926.1208(e);

(f) Assesses activities and conditions inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space and orders the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit space immediately under any of the following conditions:

(1) If there is a prohibited condition;

(2) If the behavioral effects of hazard exposure are apparent in an authorized entrant;

(3) If there is a situation outside the space that could endanger the authorized entrants; or

(4) If the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the duties required under this section;

(g) Summons rescue and other emergency services as soon as the attendant determines that authorized entrants may need assistance to escape from permit space hazards;

(h) Takes the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry is underway:

(1) Warns the unauthorized persons that they must stay away from the permit space;

(2) Advises the unauthorized persons that they must exit immediately if they have entered the permit space; and

(3) Informs the authorized entrants and the entry supervisor if unauthorized persons have entered the permit space;

(i) Performs non-entry rescues as specified by the employer's rescue procedure; and

(j) Performs no duties that might interfere with the attendant's primary duty to assess and protect the authorized entrants.

Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15.

Where and how often it was cited

Free toolbox talk

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OSHA interpretation letters

Most-cited parts of this rule

Get your crew competent

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Frequently asked questions

Can the attendant enter the space?

The attendant remains outside until relieved; a relieved attendant may enter for rescue only if the program allows it and the attendant is trained and equipped for rescue.

When must the attendant order entrants out?

If there is a prohibited condition, behavioral effects of exposure are apparent, a situation outside could endanger entrants, or the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all duties.

What count must the attendant keep?

A continuous, accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space.

About this page

Sources

3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.

Written and reviewed by

Black Belt Safety Editorial Team

Site Safety Officer and Safety Professional

OSHA 30 · CPR · USACE CQM

Written and reviewed by the Black Belt Safety team. Every post is checked against the OSHA standard or agency source it cites.

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