29 CFR 1910 · General Industry · Subpart J

1910.146(k)(1): Evaluating and Selecting Permit Space Rescue

By Black Belt Safety Editorial Team Official text as of October 15, 2026 Data updated October 20, 2026 4 min read

In plain words:

Employers who designate rescue and emergency services for permit spaces must evaluate each prospective rescuer's ability to respond in a timely manner for the hazards identified, and their proficiency with rescue tasks and equipment. They must select a team that can reach victims in an appropriate time and is equipped and proficient, inform the team of the hazards, and give it access to permit spaces to plan and practice rescues.

Key takeaways

  • 1910.146(k)(1) is part of OSHA's general industry standards (29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart J).
  • OSHA cited it 123 times in the last 3 years, in 104 inspections, with $433,210 in current penalties.
  • 2 deaths are linked to inspections that cited this rule.
  • Most citations: MN (25), NJ (22), CT (13).
  • Related part: 1910.146(k) Rescue and emergency services (204 citations).
  • Free 5-minute toolbox talk for your crew below.
123citations, 3 years
$433,210current penalties
104inspections
2linked deaths
In this article
  1. What this rule covers
  2. Official text
  3. Injuries linked to this rule
  4. Where and how often it was cited
  5. Free toolbox talk
  6. OSHA interpretation letters
  7. Related parts of this rule
  8. Get your crew competent
  9. Frequently asked questions
  10. About this page

What this rule covers

29 CFR 1910.146(k)(1) is one requirement inside 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces, an OSHA general industry standard (Part 1910, Subpart J). It includes 7 sub-paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.

Official text

(1) An employer who designates rescue and emergency services, pursuant to paragraph (d)(9) of this section, shall: 123 citations

(i) Evaluate a prospective rescuer's ability to respond to a rescue summons in a timely manner, considering the hazard(s) identified; Open (k)(1)(i) 29 citations

What will be considered timely will vary according to the specific hazards involved in each entry. For example, § 1910.134, Respiratory Protection, requires that employers provide a standby person or persons capable of immediate action to rescue employee(s) wearing respiratory protection while in work areas defined as IDLH atmospheres.

(ii) Evaluate a prospective rescue service's ability, in terms of proficiency with rescue-related tasks and equipment, to function appropriately while rescuing entrants from the particular permit space or types of permit spaces identified; Open (k)(1)(ii) 27 citations

(iii) Select a rescue team or service from those evaluated that: 7 citations

(A) Has the capability to reach the victim(s) within a time frame that is appropriate for the permit space hazard(s) identified; 5 citations

(B) Is equipped for and proficient in performing the needed rescue services;

(iv) Inform each rescue team or service of the hazards they may confront when called on to perform rescue at the site; and Open (k)(1)(iv) 4 citations

(v) Provide the rescue team or service selected with access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary so that the rescue service can develop appropriate rescue plans and practice rescue operations. Open (k)(1)(v) 10 citations

Non-mandatory appendix F contains examples of criteria which employers can use in evaluating prospective rescuers as required by paragraph (k)(1) of this section.

Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15. Read all of 1910.146.

Injuries linked to this rule

2 deaths are linked to inspections where OSHA cited 1910.146(k)(1).

Employee suffers fatal asphyxiation in permit-required confi
2025-01-10 · Fatal · TWINSBURG, OH

At approximately 9:34 a.m. on January 10, 2025, an employee was directed to enter a 23,737-gallon rail tank car containing residues of PCBs and transformer oil to obtain wipe samples of the interior surfaces. The rail tank car was a permit-required confined space. The employee…

See all 2 cases

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Where and how often it was cited

YearCitations
20236
202455
202533
202629

Top states: MN (25), NJ (22), CT (13), TX (10), IL (8)

Largest penalties

EmployerLocationPenalty for this rule
107323 - WAYNE TRANSPORTS INCVIRGINIA, MN$67,200
TACTICAL CLEANING ACQUISITION, LLCHARWOOD, TX$35,748
CLEAN HARBORS ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC.TWINSBURG, OH$33,100
109588 - LANG COMPANIES INC DBA LANG FEEDS INCEDEN VALLEY, MN$25,000
HEIDELBERG MATERIALS US CEMENT, LLCMIDDLEBRANCH, OH$16,550

Free toolbox talk

A 5-minute crew talk on 1910.146(k)(1), plus alerts when this rule changes. Free.




OSHA interpretation letters

Related parts of this rule

Get your crew competent

Trainers on Black Belt Safety: Marc Harvey, Dana Reyes

Trainers and suppliers: feature your business on this rule for $25/month.

Frequently asked questions

What must employers check before choosing a confined space rescue service?

Its ability to respond in a timely manner for the hazards identified, and its proficiency with rescue-related tasks and equipment.

What does timely mean for rescue?

It varies with the specific hazards of each entry.

Must the rescue team see the permit spaces?

Yes. The employer must give the selected team access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be needed so it can plan and practice.

About this page

Sources

3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.

Written and reviewed by

Black Belt Safety Editorial Team

Site Safety Officer and Safety Professional

OSHA 30 · CPR · USACE CQM

Written and reviewed by the Black Belt Safety team. Every post is checked against the OSHA standard or agency source it cites.

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