OSHA 1910.178 Forklift Rules: Training, Checks, and Refreshers
Forklifts move heavy loads fast. They can tip over or hit people on foot. OSHA’s rule for forklifts and other powered industrial trucks is 29 CFR 1910.178. This guide covers the parts people ask about most.
Who can drive a forklift
Only trained and evaluated workers can drive. Training must mix three things:
- Class time, like talks, videos, or online lessons.
- Hands-on practice.
- A test of how the worker drives at the real job.
A trainee can drive only with a qualified trainer watching. The trainer must have the know-how to teach and judge drivers.
What training covers
There are two lists. One is about the truck: controls, load limits, and how it stays stable. The other is about your site: floors, ramps, tight aisles, people on foot, and fumes. You can skip a topic only if it truly does not apply where you work.
Training for 1910.178: Learn this rule step by step in our Forklift Operator Safety course. It is included in the Black Belt Safety Vault.
Every three years, or sooner
Each driver must be checked at least once every three years. Some events need refresher training right away:
- The driver was seen driving unsafely.
- There was a crash or a near miss.
- An evaluation found unsafe driving.
- The driver moves to a new type of truck.
- Something at the site changes, like a new layout.
The company keeps a record with the driver’s name, training date, test date, and the trainer’s name.
Check the truck every day
Look over each truck before it goes into service. Do it at least once a day. If trucks run all day and night, check them after each shift. If something is wrong, take the truck out of service until it is fixed. Only authorized people may repair it.
Do not change or add parts that affect the load limit without the maker’s written OK. Update the data plate to match.
What to do next
Our Forklift Operator Safety course covers the class part of the training. Your company still has to do the hands-on part and the driving test. Start the course or join the Vault.
This is a plain-language summary. The official rule text is what counts.
Sources
- 29 CFR 1910.178, Powered industrial trucks – eCFR, National Archives, checked 2026-10-15
Frequently asked questions
How often does forklift training need to be renewed?
Each driver must be checked at least once every three years. Some events, like a crash or a near miss, need refresher training right away.
Is online forklift training enough under OSHA?
No. Online lessons can cover the class part, but training must also include hands-on practice and a test of how the worker drives at the real job.
Can a trainee drive a forklift?
Yes, but only with a qualified trainer watching. The trainer must have the know-how to teach and judge drivers.
How often do you inspect a forklift?
Look over each truck at least once a day before it goes into service. If trucks run all day and night, check them after each shift.