29 CFR 1910 · General Industry · Subpart I

1910.134(e): Respirator medical evaluation

By Black Belt Safety Editorial Team Official text as of October 15, 2026 Data updated October 20, 2026 6 min read

In plain words:

Before an employee is fit tested or required to use a respirator, the employer must provide a medical evaluation to find out whether they can safely wear one. A physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP) does the evaluation using the OSHA medical questionnaire or an exam that gathers the same information. A follow-up medical exam is required if the employee answers yes to any of questions 1 through 8 in Section 2 of the questionnaire, or if the initial exam shows one is needed. The questionnaire and exams must be confidential and given during normal working hours or at a convenient time and place.

Key takeaways

  • 1910.134(e) is part of OSHA's general industry standards (29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart I).
  • OSHA cited it 2,653 times in the last 3 years, in 2,611 inspections, with $3,002,057 in current penalties.
  • 9 deaths are linked to inspections that cited this rule.
  • Most citations: IL (205), OR (171), PA (170).
  • Related part: 1910.134(e)(1) General (2,526 citations).
  • Free 5-minute toolbox talk for your crew below.
2,653citations, 3 years
$3,002,057current penalties
2,611inspections
9linked deaths
In this article
  1. What this rule covers
  2. Official text
  3. Injuries linked to this rule
  4. Where and how often it was cited
  5. Free toolbox talk
  6. OSHA interpretation letters
  7. Related parts of this rule
  8. Get your crew competent
  9. Frequently asked questions
  10. About this page

What this rule covers

29 CFR 1910.134(e) ("Medical evaluation") is one requirement inside 1910.134 Respiratory protection, an OSHA general industry standard (Part 1910, Subpart I). It includes 30 sub-paragraphs. The official text below is copied word for word from the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR). The numbers, injury cases and training on this page show how OSHA enforces it on real job sites.

Official text

(e) Medical evaluation. Using a respirator may place a physiological burden on employees that varies with the type of respirator worn, the job and workplace conditions in which the respirator is used, and the medical status of the employee. Accordingly, this paragraph specifies the minimum requirements for medical evaluation that employers must implement to determine the employee's ability to use a respirator. 2,653 citations

(1) General. The employer shall provide a medical evaluation to determine the employee's ability to use a respirator, before the employee is fit tested or required to use the respirator in the workplace. The employer may discontinue an employee's medical evaluations when the employee is no longer required to use a respirator. Open (e)(1) 2,526 citations

(2) Medical evaluation procedures. Open (e)(2) 22 citations

(i) The employer shall identify a physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP) to perform medical evaluations using a medical questionnaire or an initial medical examination that obtains the same information as the medical questionnaire. Open (e)(2)(i) 17 citations

(ii) The medical evaluation shall obtain the information requested by the questionnaire in Sections 1 and 2, part A of appendix C of this section. 5 citations

(3) Follow-up medical examination. Open (e)(3) 5 citations

(i) The employer shall ensure that a follow-up medical examination is provided for an employee who gives a positive response to any question among questions 1 through 8 in Section 2, part A of appendix C or whose initial medical examination demonstrates the need for a follow-up medical examination. 5 citations

(ii) The follow-up medical examination shall include any medical tests, consultations, or diagnostic procedures that the PLHCP deems necessary to make a final determination.

(4) Administration of the medical questionnaire and examinations. Open (e)(4) 19 citations

(i) The medical questionnaire and examinations shall be administered confidentially during the employee's normal working hours or at a time and place convenient to the employee. The medical questionnaire shall be administered in a manner that ensures that the employee understands its content. Open (e)(4)(i) 16 citations

(ii) The employer shall provide the employee with an opportunity to discuss the questionnaire and examination results with the PLHCP. 3 citations

(5) Supplemental information for the PLHCP. Open (e)(5) 10 citations

(i) The following information must be provided to the PLHCP before the PLHCP makes a recommendation concerning an employee's ability to use a respirator: Open (e)(5)(i) 6 citations

(A) The type and weight of the respirator to be used by the employee; 2 citations

(B) The duration and frequency of respirator use (including use for rescue and escape);

(C) The expected physical work effort; 1 citations

(D) Additional protective clothing and equipment to be worn; and

(E) Temperature and humidity extremes that may be encountered.

(ii) Any supplemental information provided previously to the PLHCP regarding an employee need not be provided for a subsequent medical evaluation if the information and the PLHCP remain the same.

(iii) The employer shall provide the PLHCP with a copy of the written respiratory protection program and a copy of this section. Open (e)(5)(iii) 4 citations

When the employer replaces a PLHCP, the employer must ensure that the new PLHCP obtains this information, either by providing the documents directly to the PLHCP or having the documents transferred from the former PLHCP to the new PLHCP. However, OSHA does not expect employers to have employees medically reevaluated solely because a new PLHCP has been selected.

(6) Medical determination. In determining the employee's ability to use a respirator, the employer shall: Open (e)(6) 52 citations

(i) Obtain a written recommendation regarding the employee's ability to use the respirator from the PLHCP. The recommendation shall provide only the following information: Open (e)(6)(i) 52 citations

(A) Any limitations on respirator use related to the medical condition of the employee, or relating to the workplace conditions in which the respirator will be used, including whether or not the employee is medically able to use the respirator; Open (e)(6)(i)(a)

(B) The need, if any, for follow-up medical evaluations; and Open (e)(6)(i)(b) 1 citations

(C) A statement that the PLHCP has provided the employee with a copy of the PLHCP's written recommendation. 3 citations

(ii) If the respirator is a negative pressure respirator and the PLHCP finds a medical condition that may place the employee's health at increased risk if the respirator is used, the employer shall provide a PAPR if the PLHCP's medical evaluation finds that the employee can use such a respirator; if a subsequent medical evaluation finds that the employee is medically able to use a negative pressure respirator, then the employer is no longer required to provide a PAPR.

(7) Additional medical evaluations. At a minimum, the employer shall provide additional medical evaluations that comply with the requirements of this section if: Open (e)(7) 17 citations

(i) An employee reports medical signs or symptoms that are related to ability to use a respirator; 3 citations

(ii) A PLHCP, supervisor, or the respirator program administrator informs the employer that an employee needs to be reevaluated; Open (e)(7)(ii) 11 citations

(iii) Information from the respiratory protection program, including observations made during fit testing and program evaluation, indicates a need for employee reevaluation; or 2 citations

(iv) A change occurs in workplace conditions (e.g., physical work effort, protective clothing, temperature) that may result in a substantial increase in the physiological burden placed on an employee.

Source: eCFR, text current as of 2026-10-15. Read all of 1910.134.

Injuries linked to this rule

9 deaths are linked to inspections where OSHA cited 1910.134(e).

Employee is struck by robotic arm while cleaning sensor and
2024-12-02 · Fatal · SAINT AUGUSTINE, FL

At 10:35 a.m. on December 2, 2024, Employee #1 was performing maintenance on a sensor inside a robotic enclosure. As he entered the area, the robot was stoppedby entrance sensors. While he was cleaning the sensor, a coworker reset the machine from the control panel,…

See all 9 cases

Full case list with employer, penalty, filters and download is part of OSHA Data (Purple Belt).

Unlock with Purple Belt

Where and how often it was cited

YearCitations
2023168
20241,067
2025825
2026593

Top states: IL (205), OR (171), PA (170), NY (153), FL (128)

Largest penalties

EmployerLocationPenalty for this rule
DANA CONTAINER, INC.PAULSBORO, NJ$76,043
KENRIC STEEL, LLCMILLVILLE, NJ$69,140
JOSEPH'S FOOD PRODUCTS COMPANY INC.BROADVIEW, IL$50,000
SV LABS PRESCOTT CORPORATIONPRESCOTT, WI$42,558
KEOKUK MILLS, LLCKEOKUK, IA$30,650

Free toolbox talk

A 5-minute crew talk on 1910.134(e), plus alerts when this rule changes. Free.




OSHA interpretation letters

Related parts of this rule

Get your crew competent

Trainers on Black Belt Safety: Marc Harvey, Dana Reyes

Trainers and suppliers: feature your business on this rule for $25/month.

Frequently asked questions

Is a medical evaluation required before a fit test?

Yes. The employer must provide the medical evaluation before the employee is fit tested or required to use the respirator.

Who can do the respirator medical evaluation?

A physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP) identified by the employer.

When is a follow-up exam needed?

When the employee answers yes to any of questions 1 through 8 in Section 2, Part A of Appendix C, or the initial exam shows a follow-up is needed.

About this page

Sources

3-year window. Federal OSHA only; state-plan rules are not counted. Plain-language text is a summary, not legal advice; the official text controls. Black Belt Safety is not part of OSHA or the Department of Labor.

Written and reviewed by

Black Belt Safety Editorial Team

Site Safety Officer and Safety Professional

OSHA 30 · CPR · USACE CQM

Written and reviewed by the Black Belt Safety team. Every post is checked against the OSHA standard or agency source it cites.

Scroll to top